{
 "race_id": "gop-primary-2028",
 "title": "2028 Republican Primary Polls",
 "as_of": "2026-10-28",
 "method": "https://electionsusa.org/methodology/",
 "average": {
  "JD Vance": 34.9,
  "Marco Rubio": 36.6,
  "Ron DeSantis": 8.3,
  "Nikki Haley": 5.0,
  "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.": 6.5
 },
 "margin": null,
 "n_polls_weighted": 4,
 "n_polls_total": 4,
 "trend": {
  "JD Vance": [
   [
    "2026-02-12",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-15",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-18",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-21",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-24",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-27",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-02",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-05",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-08",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-11",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-14",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-17",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-20",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-23",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-26",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-29",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-01",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-04",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-07",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-10",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-13",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-16",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-19",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-22",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-25",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-28",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-01",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-04",
    52.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-07",
    35.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-10",
    35.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-13",
    35.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-16",
    35.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-19",
    35.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-22",
    35.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-25",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-28",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-31",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-03",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-06",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-09",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-12",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-15",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-18",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-21",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-24",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-27",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-30",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-03",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-06",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-09",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-12",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-15",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-18",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-21",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-24",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-27",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-30",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-02",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-05",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-08",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-11",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-14",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-17",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-20",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-23",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-26",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-29",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-01",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-04",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-07",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-10",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-13",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-16",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-19",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-22",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-25",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-28",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-01",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-04",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-07",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-10",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-13",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-16",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-19",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-22",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-25",
    34.9
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-28",
    34.9
   ]
  ],
  "Marco Rubio": [
   [
    "2026-02-12",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-15",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-18",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-21",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-24",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-02-27",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-02",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-05",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-08",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-11",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-14",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-17",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-20",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-23",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-26",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-03-29",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-01",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-04",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-07",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-10",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-13",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-16",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-19",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-22",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-25",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-04-28",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-01",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-04",
    20.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-07",
    38.7
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-10",
    38.7
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-13",
    38.7
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-16",
    38.7
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-19",
    38.7
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-22",
    38.7
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-25",
    38.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-28",
    38.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-31",
    38.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-03",
    38.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-06",
    38.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-09",
    38.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-12",
    38.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-15",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-18",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-21",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-24",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-27",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-30",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-03",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-06",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-09",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-12",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-15",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-18",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-21",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-24",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-27",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-30",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-02",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-05",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-08",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-11",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-14",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-17",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-20",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-23",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-26",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-29",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-01",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-04",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-07",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-10",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-13",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-16",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-19",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-22",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-25",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-28",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-01",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-04",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-07",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-10",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-13",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-16",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-19",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-22",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-25",
    36.6
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-28",
    36.6
   ]
  ],
  "Ron DeSantis": [
   [
    "2026-05-07",
    11.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-10",
    11.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-13",
    11.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-16",
    11.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-19",
    11.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-22",
    11.2
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-25",
    8.4
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-28",
    8.4
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-31",
    8.4
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-03",
    8.4
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-06",
    8.4
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-09",
    8.4
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-12",
    8.4
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-15",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-18",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-21",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-24",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-27",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-30",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-03",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-06",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-09",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-12",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-15",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-18",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-21",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-24",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-27",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-30",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-02",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-05",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-08",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-11",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-14",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-17",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-20",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-23",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-26",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-29",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-01",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-04",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-07",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-10",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-13",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-16",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-19",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-22",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-25",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-28",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-01",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-04",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-07",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-10",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-13",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-16",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-19",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-22",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-25",
    8.3
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-28",
    8.3
   ]
  ],
  "Nikki Haley": [
   [
    "2026-05-25",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-28",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-05-31",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-03",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-06",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-09",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-12",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-15",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-18",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-21",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-24",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-27",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-30",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-03",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-06",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-09",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-12",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-15",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-18",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-21",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-24",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-27",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-30",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-02",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-05",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-08",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-11",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-14",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-17",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-20",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-23",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-26",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-29",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-01",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-04",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-07",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-10",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-13",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-16",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-19",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-22",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-25",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-28",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-01",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-04",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-07",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-10",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-13",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-16",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-19",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-22",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-25",
    5.0
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-28",
    5.0
   ]
  ],
  "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.": [
   [
    "2026-06-15",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-18",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-21",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-24",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-27",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-06-30",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-03",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-06",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-09",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-12",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-15",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-18",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-21",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-24",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-27",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-07-30",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-02",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-05",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-08",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-11",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-14",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-17",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-20",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-23",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-26",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-08-29",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-01",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-04",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-07",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-10",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-13",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-16",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-19",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-22",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-25",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-09-28",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-01",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-04",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-07",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-10",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-13",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-16",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-19",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-22",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-25",
    6.5
   ],
   [
    "2026-10-28",
    6.5
   ]
  ]
 },
 "polls": [
  {
   "pollster": "Big Data Poll",
   "sponsor": "",
   "dates": "Jun 10\u201315, 2026",
   "end_date": "2026-06-15",
   "sample": "\u2014",
   "grade": "F",
   "weight": 7.4,
   "vals": {
    "JD Vance": 35.4,
    "Marco Rubio": 16.5,
    "Ron DeSantis": 7.1,
    "Donald Trump Jr.": null,
    "Nikki Haley": null,
    "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.": 6.5,
    "Other/Undecided": null
   },
   "margin": 18.9,
   "margin_label": "Vance +18.9",
   "source_url": "https://www.newsweek.com/new-poll-shows-jd-vance-ahead-of-potential-2028-candidates-by-double-digits-12152822",
   "notes": "Fieldwork dates approximate (reported mid-2026)."
  },
  {
   "pollster": "Emerson College",
   "sponsor": "",
   "dates": "May 24\u201325, 2026",
   "end_date": "2026-05-25",
   "sample": "LV",
   "grade": "A-",
   "weight": 36.8,
   "vals": {
    "JD Vance": 36.0,
    "Marco Rubio": 35.0,
    "Ron DeSantis": 5.0,
    "Donald Trump Jr.": null,
    "Nikki Haley": 5.0,
    "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.": null,
    "Other/Undecided": null
   },
   "margin": 1.0,
   "margin_label": "Vance +1.0",
   "source_url": "https://www.dailysignal.com/2026/05/28/vance-rubio-dead-heat-2028/",
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "pollster": "AtlasIntel",
   "sponsor": "",
   "dates": "May 4\u20137, 2026",
   "end_date": "2026-05-07",
   "sample": "\u2014",
   "grade": "A",
   "weight": 44.6,
   "vals": {
    "JD Vance": 29.6,
    "Marco Rubio": 45.4,
    "Ron DeSantis": 11.2,
    "Donald Trump Jr.": null,
    "Nikki Haley": null,
    "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.": null,
    "Other/Undecided": null
   },
   "margin": -15.799999999999997,
   "margin_label": "Rubio +15.8",
   "source_url": "https://www.mediaite.com/media/news/shock-poll-marco-rubio-beats-jd-vance-by-double-digits-in-2028-primary-showdown/",
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "pollster": "Emerson College",
   "sponsor": "",
   "dates": "Feb 10\u201312, 2026",
   "end_date": "2026-02-12",
   "sample": "LV",
   "grade": "A-",
   "weight": 11.3,
   "vals": {
    "JD Vance": 52.0,
    "Marco Rubio": 20.0,
    "Ron DeSantis": null,
    "Donald Trump Jr.": null,
    "Nikki Haley": null,
    "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.": null,
    "Other/Undecided": null
   },
   "margin": 32.0,
   "margin_label": "Vance +32.0",
   "source_url": "https://www.dailysignal.com/2026/05/28/vance-rubio-dead-heat-2028/",
   "notes": "February 2026 survey cited as baseline; exact dates approximate."
  }
 ]
}